Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells: A potential therapeutic strategy for diabetic foot ulcers

Table 2 The impact of exosomes from different sources on wound healing[68,102-106]

Source	Cargo	Regulatory mechanism	Result	Ref.
ADSC	Mmu_circ_0001052	miR-106a-5p/FGF4/p38 MAPK	Promote angiogenesis in high-glucose-induced HUVECs and improve wound healing in DFU	Liang et al[68]
BMSC	circ-Snhg11	circ-Snhg11/miR-144-3p/SLC7A11	Resulting in the inhibition of ferroptosis, restoration of EPC function, promoting angiogenesis and wound healing	Tang et al[102]
HUCMSC	Wnt-4	Wnt/β-catenin	Promote tube formation of endothelial cells in vitro and angiogenesis	Zhang et al[103]
HFMSC	lncRNA H19	lncRNA H19/NLRP3	Promote HaCaT proliferation, migration, and pyroptosis suppression in vitro and in vivo	Yang et al[104]
GMSC	MALAT1	Wnt/β-catenin	GMSCs-exosomes can promote the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs in a high glucose environment through a series of in vitro experiments	Liu et al[105]
USC	miR-486-5p	miR-486-5p/SERPINE1	Hyp-USC-exos carrying miR-486-5p can inhibit the activity of SERPINE1 in endothelial cells, promote angiogenesis, and accelerate the healing process	Fan et al[106]

ADSC: Adipose-derived stem cells; BMSC: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; HUCMSC: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells; HFMSC: Human follicle mesenchymal stem cells; GMSC: Gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells; USC: Urine-derived stem cells; lncRNA: Long noncoding RNA; FGF4: Fibroblast growth factor 4; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; HUVEC: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells; DFU: Diabetic foot ulcer; EPC: Endothelial progenitor cell; HaCaT: Human keratinocyte cell line; Hyp-USC-exos: Exosomes from hypoxic urine-derived stem cells.