Type 2 diabetes complicated by dry eye syndrome: Analysis of dry eye symptoms, corneal neuropathy, and influencing factors

Table 4 Univariate analysis of risk factors for dry eye syndrome, n (%)

	DES group (n = 27)	Non-DES group (n = 54)	χ2/t	P value
Sex			0.225	0.635
Male	13 (48.1)	23 (42.6)
Female	14 (51.9)	31 (57.4)
Age (years)	59.59 ± 3.49	5.80 ± 3.01	3.739	0.0003
Duration of diabetes (year)	7.74 ± 2.18	5.29 ± 1.64	5.641	< 0.0001
Hypertension			0.105	0.747
Yes	11 (40.7)	20 (37.0)
No	16 (59.3)	34 (63.0)
Lacrimal gland dysfunction			12.501	0.0004
Yes	18 (66.7)	14 (25.9)
No	9 (33.3)	40 (74.1)
Insufficient insulin secretion			6.488	0.011
Yes	21 (77.8)	26 (48.1)
No	6 (22.2)	28 (51.9)
Disease awareness level			4.365	0.037
Low	15 (55.6)	17 (31.5)
High	12 (44.4)	37 (68.5)
Medication compliance			5.625	0.018
Good	10 (37.0)	35 (64.8)
Poor	17 (63.0)	19 (35.2)

Independent-sample t-tests and χ² test for between-group comparisons. DES: Dry eye syndrome.