Icariin accelerates bone regeneration by inducing osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling in rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Figure 3 Icariin enhanced the expression of angiogenesis-related markers. A: Expression levels of angiogenesis-related genes [vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (CD31), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), and angiopoietin-4 (Ang-4)] in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) following treatment with icariin (ICA); B: Protein expression levels of VEGFA and CD31 by Western blot; C: Expression of VEGFA by immunofluorescence (scale bar: 100 μm); D: Expression of CD31 by immunofluorescence (scale bar: 100 μm). Data are mean ± SEM (n = 5). ^bP < 0.01 vs control group; ^cP < 0.05 and ^dP < 0.01 vs 1 μM ICA group. ICA: Icariin; VEGFA: Vascular endothelial growth factor A; CD31: Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1; Ang-2: Angiopoietin-2; Ang-4: Angiopoietin-4; qRT-PCR: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.