Correlation of periodontal inflamed surface area with glycated hemoglobin, interleukin-6 and lipoprotein(a) in type 2 diabetes with retinopathy

Table 2 Comparison of biochemical and periodontal variables between groups

Variables	T2DM with DR (n = 40)	T2DM without DR (n = 40)	P value
HbA1c (%)	8.67 ± 1.81	7.64 ± 1.28	0.004a
FPG (mmol/L)	8.66 ± 2.67	8.62 ± 3.58	0.95
PPG (mmol/L)	12.22 ± 4.21	11.95 ± 4.05	0.77
IL-6 (pg/mL)	30.52 ± 16.57	13.47 ± 4.15	< 0.001a
Lp(a) (mg/dL)	27.76 ± 18.82	11.45 ± 9.08	< 0.001a
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.93 ± 0.90	4.70 ± 0.89	0.254
HDL (mmol/L)	1.41 ± 0.34	1.78 ± 0.36	< 0.001a
LDL (mmol/L)	2.80 ± 0.93	2.31 ± 0.97	0.025 a
VLDL (mmol/L)	0.76 ± 0.28	0.61 ± 0.19	0.005 a
TG (mmol/L)	1.67 ± 0.61	1.32 ± 0.41	0.004 a
Periodontal variables
PPD (mm)	3.87 ± 0.93	3.08 ± 0.66	< 0.001a
CAL (mm)	4.50 ± 1.49	3.43 ± 0.85	< 0.001a
CAL, ≤ 3 mm	36.14 ± 22.81	63.88 ± 26.52	< 0.001a
CAL, 4 to 5 mm	40.62 ± 15.56	28.91 ± 18.55	0.003a
CAL, ≥ 6 mm	23.42 ± 24.29	8.44 ± 11.99	0.001a
BOP (% of sites)	69.33 ± 23.36	40.95 ± 25.47	< 0.001a
PISA (mm2)	1570.559 ± 759.89	789.79 ± 589.34	< 0.001a
Periodontitis, n (%)	19 (47.5)	11 (27.5)	0.065

^aP < 0.05.

A significant difference among subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus in glycated hemoglobin, interleukin-6, lipoprotein(a), high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, periodontal disease, clinical attachment loss (CAL), CAL ≤ 3 mm, CAL ≥ 6 mm, bleeding on probing, periodontal inflamed surface area, and severity of periodontitis. T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; DR: Diabetic retinopathy; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; PPG: Postprandial plasma glucose; Il-6: Interleukin-6; Lp(a): Lipoprotein(a); HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; VLDL: Very low-density lipoprotein; TG: Triglyceride; PPD: Probing pocket Depth; CAL: Clinical attachment loss; BOP: Bleeding on probing; PISA: Periodontal inflamed surface area.