Correlation between glycated hemoglobin A1c, urinary microalbumin, urinary creatinine, β2 microglobulin, retinol binding protein and diabetic retinopathy

Table 3 Comparison of microalbumin, microalbumin/urinary creatinine, urinary creatinine, β2 microglobulin and retinol binding protein levels in each group (mean ± SD)

Group	mALB (mg/L)	mALB/U-CR (mg/mmoL)	U-CR (μmol/L)	β2MG (mg/L)	RBP (μg/L)
NDR (n = 68)	15.04 ± 1.94	2.19 ± 0.86	6.86 ± 1.67	2.28 ± 0.66	12.29 ± 2.82
NPDR (n = 54)	65.69 ± 7.30	3.29 ± 1.26	19.97 ± 5.81	3.13 ± 0.84	21.58 ± 4.83
PDR (n = 58)	170.29 ± 11.63	5.09 ± 1.02	33.35 ± 11.45	4.53 ± 0.97	36.78 ± 7.84
F value	147.103	121.668	206.027	117.619	69.460
P value	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

NDR: Diabetes mellitus without retinopathy; NPDR: Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy; U-mALB: Urinary microalbumin; U-CR: Urinary creatinine; β2MG: β2 microglobulin; RBP: Retinol binding protein.