Cellular and molecular overview of gestational diabetes mellitus: Is it predictable and preventable?

Figure 3 Brief summary of leptin signaling pathways, in which leptin can bind to the leptin receptor and activate JAK2, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and MAPK via phosphorylation of different sites on the leptin receptor and subsequent reaction to downstream molecules to exert its anorexigenic effect. AgRP: Agouti-related peptide; AKT: Protein kinase B; IRS: Insulin receptor substrate; NPY: Neuropeptide Y; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase; POMC: Polypeptide pro-opiomelanocortin; PTP1B: Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B; SOCS3: Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3; STAT3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3.