Role of insulin in pancreatic microcirculatory oxygen profile and bioenergetics

Figure 2 Glucotoxicity induced ultrastructural damage to mitochondria in islet microvascular endothelial cells. The ultrastructure of pancreatic islet microvascular endothelial cells (IMECs) in the control (A), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) (B) and insulin-treated groups (C) was revealed by TEM (upper panels, scale bar = 0.5 μm). The ultrastructure of mitochondria in IMECs in the control (D), T1DM (E) and insulin-treated groups (F) is shown in the lower panels. Swollen mitochondria with cristae rupture or disappearance and a transparent matrix were found in T1DM mice. Restored mitochondria were observed after insulin administration (lower panels, scale bar = 2 μm).