Association between urinary concentrations of bisphenol A substitutes and diabetes in adults

Table 2 Descriptive statistics of main variables analyzed in individuals of group 2 (bisphenol S)

BPS quartile	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
n	915	911	894	938
Age	42.88 (41.65-44.14)	42.42 (41.22-43.65)	44.5 (43.32-45.72)	45.8 (43.89-46.3)d
Gender, % of men	56.3	49.7	42.8	40.6
BMI, kg/m2	27.76 (27.36-28.17)	28.41 (27.99-28.83)	28.94 (28.51-29.38)c	28.57 (28.15-29)a
Diabetes mellitus, %	15.3	16.6	18.1	20
Fasting glucose, mg/dL	103.7 (101.8-105.8)	104.5 (102.4-106.6)	108.2 (105.5-111)	108.8 (106.3-111.5)a
HbA1c, %	5.62 (5.57-5.68)	5.66 (5.61-5.72)	5.75 (5.69-5.81)	5.78 (5.71-5.85)
Smoker, %	43.6	44.8	42.4	44.5
Cotinine, serum, ng/mL	0.24 (0.19-0.32)	0.27 (0.21-0.35)	0.24 (0.18-0.31)	0.27 (0.21-0.35)
Hypertension, %	39	40.6	43.4	46.3
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	120.6 (119.5-121.7)	123.1 (122-124.2)	122.5 (121.4-123.7)	123.9 (122.7-125.1)
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	68.31 (67.5-69.13)	69.36 (68.52-70.21)	69.18 (68.37-69.99)	68.18 (67.37-69)
Dyslipidemia, %	39.3	40.6	40.8	41.5
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	184.3 (131.6-187)	184.7 (182-187.3)	187.7 (184.9-190.5)	188.3 (185.7-190. 9)
Bisphenol F, µg/g creatinine	0.37 (0.34-0.41)	0.43 (0.39-0.47)a	0.41 (0.38-0.45)	0.45 (0.41-0.49)b

^aP < 0.05, significant differences with respect to group Q1.

^bP < 0.01, significant differences with respect to group Q1.

^cP < 0.001, significant differences with respect to group Q1.

^dP < 0.05, significant differences between Q2 and Q4.

The results are expressed as percentages (%) or as geometric mean (95%CI). BMI: Body mass index; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; BPS: Bisphenol S; BPF: Bisphenol F.