Immediate-release tofacitinib reduces insulin resistance in non-diabetic active rheumatoid arthritis patients: A single-center retrospective study

Table 1 Baseline data of 30 active rheumatoid arthritis patients naïve to biologics

Group	All (n = 30)	High-IR (n = 18)	Low-IR (n = 12)	P value1
Sex (female %)	83.3	77.8	91.7	0.622
Age (yr)	50.3 ± 11.4 (30-74)	49.2 ± 10.5 (30-65)	51.8 ± 12.9 (31-74)	0.445
BMI (kg/m2)	22.32 ± 1.93 (19.3-26.3)	22.56 ± 2.15 (19.7-26.3)	21.97 ± 1.57 (19.3-24.8)	0.624
Seropositivity (%)	86.7	83.3	91.7	0.632
DAS28	6.291 ± 0.530 (5.16-7.37)	6.499 ± 0.472 (5.56-7.37)	5.980 ± 0.470 (5.16-6.69)	0.008
ESR (mm/h)	51.7 ± 17.2 (26-88)	54.4 ± 18.5 (28-88)	47.6 ± 14.8 (28-70)	0.279
CRP (mg/L)	21.20 ± 6.90 (10.4-36.5)	22.27 ± 7.31 (10.4-36.5)	19.71 ± 6.21 (10.7-29.5)	0.341
Glucose (mg/dL)	88.7 ± 8.5 (66-104)	90.8 ± 9.3 (66-104)	85.6 ± 6.1 (77-98)	0.035
Insulin (μU/mL)	11.870 ± 5.029 (4.64-24.84)	14.710 ± 4.527 (9.07-24.84)	7.605 ± 1.410 (4.64-9.14)	< 0.001
HOMA-IR	2.639 ± 1.185 (1.07-5.89)	3.331 ± 1.036 (2.04-5.89)	1.602 ± 0.294 (1.07-2.00)	< 0.001
QUICKI	0.3353 ± 0.0222 (0.296-0.380)	0.3207 ± 0.0135 (0.296-0.343)	0.3573 ± 0.0117 (0.344-0.380)	< 0.001
Methotrexate (%)	100	100	100	1.0
Dosage (mg/wk)	15	15	15	1.0
Prednisolone (%)	26.7	22.2	33.3	0.678
Daily dosage2 (mg/d)	5.6 ± 1.8	6.3 ± 2.5	5.0 ± 0.0	1.0
Total dosage3 (mg)	865.6 ± 258.4	887.5 ± 386.5	843.8 ± 71.8	0.914
Hydroxychloroquine (%)	100	100	100	1.0
Sulfasalazine (%)	20.0	16.7	25.0	0.660
Leflunomide (%)	10.0	11.1	8.3	1.0

¹High-IR vs Low-IR.

²Average daily prednisolone dosage in 1-mo period before enrolment into this study.

³Total exposure of prednisone dosages in 6-mo period before enrolment into this study.

HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance; QUICKI: Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index; BMI: Body mass index; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP: C-reactive protein; DAS28: Disease Activity Score 28.