Copyright
©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Diabetes. Mar 15, 2022; 13(3): 150-160
Published online Mar 15, 2022. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i3.150
Published online Mar 15, 2022. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i3.150
Figure 2 Implication of increased short-chain fatty acids, decreased reactive oxygen species, and increased D-amino acids derived from gut in the renal protection and/or exacerbation against the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
Arrowheads mean stimulation and/or progression, whereas hammerhead represents inhibition. Note that some critical pathways including hormonal regulation have been omitted for clarity. SCFAs: Short-chain fatty acids; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; DN: Diabetic nephropathy.
- Citation: Nagase N, Ikeda Y, Tsuji A, Kitagishi Y, Matsuda S. Efficacy of probiotics on the modulation of gut microbiota in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. World J Diabetes 2022; 13(3): 150-160
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v13/i3/150.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v13.i3.150