Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and chemokine administration - a combination with potential therapeutic value for treating diabetic wounds

Figure 1 Mechanism of wound healing in normal vs diabetic conditions and plausible molecular regulations achieved by hyperbaric oxygen therapy, chemokine administration, and combinatorial approach (hyperbaric oxygen therapy + chemokine administration) for augmented therapy. HBOT: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy; SDF: Stromal cell-derived factor; MSC: Mesenchymal stem cell; AGEs: Advanced glycation end products; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; HIF: Hypoxia-inducible factor; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; EPC: Endothelial progenitor cell; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa B; TNF: Tumor-necrosis factor; IL: Interleukin; IκBα: Inhibitor of kappa B alpha.