Exercise intervention under hypoxic condition as a new therapeutic paradigm for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A narrative review

Figure 1 Effect of hypoxic exposure on the physiological response to exercise. Exposure to hypoxic conditions is a new intervention method for health-promotion and for preventing or treating chronic diseases by improving body weight, cellular metabolism, and cardiovascular and respiratory function. HIF-1: Hypoxic inducible factor-1; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; GLUT-4: Glucose transporter-4; Hg: Hemoglobin; O₂: Oxygen; CO: Carbon monoxide; C₂: Carbon dioxide; Sa₂: Arterial oxygen saturation.