Rates and associates of influenza and pneumococcus vaccination in diabetes mellitus: A nationwide cross-sectional study (TEMD vaccination study)

Table 2 The comparison of the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without seasonal influenza and pneumococcal vaccination status

	Patients with T2DM, n = 4721
	Influenza vac (+), n = 1003 (21.2%)	Influenza vac (-), n = 3718 (78.8%)	P value	Pneumo. vac (+), n = 330 (7.0%)	Pneumo. vac (-), n = 4366 (93.0%)	P value
Sex (female)	525 (52.3)	2251 (60.5)	< 0.001	180 (54.5)	2581 (59.1)	< 0.001
Age (yr)	62.22 ± 9.93	57.44 ± 10.36	< 0.001	63.97 ± 9.83	58.02 ± 10.38	< 0.001
Diabetes duration (yr)	13.62 ± 8.36	10.08 ± 7.09	< 0.001	14.10 ± 8.84	10.57 ± 7.36	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	31.60 ± 6.28	32.39 ± 6.65	0.004	31.08 ± 5.94	32.21 ± 6.61	< 0.001
SBP office (mm Hg)	133.32 ± 18.15	132.34 ± 18.40	0.138	133.83 ± 17.63	132.46 ± 18.40	0.191
DBP office (mm Hg)	79.56 ± 10.84	80.81 ± 10.79	0.001	78.90 ± 10.28	80.67 ± 10.86	0.004
HbA1c (%) (mmol/mol)	7.54 ± 1.59 (58.95 ± 17.41)	7.79 ± 1.78 (61.62 ± 19.49)	< 0.001	7.44 ± 1.59 (57.80 ± 17.33)	7.76 ± 1.76 (61.29 ± 19.20)	0.001
LDL-C (mg/dL)	109.27 ± 35.76	115.13 ± 36.15	< 0.001	107.80 ± 35.82	114.32 ± 36.14	0.002
TG (mg/dL)	169.75 ± 100.06	185.77 ± 136.46	0.001	172.21 ± 111.17	183.20 ± 131.21	0.144
HDL-C (mg/dL)	46.81 ± 12.55	46.46 ± 13.04	0.464	47.63 ± 11.91	46.43 ± 12.97	0.109
Macrovascular complications, n (%)	317 (31.6)	827 (22.2)	< 0.001	119 (36.1)	1013 (23.2)	< 0.001
Microvascular complications, n (%)	509 (50.7)	1734 (46.6)	0.021	175 (53.0)	2058 (47.1)	0.039
Higher education, n (%)	461 (46.7)	1331 (36.3)	< 0.001	155 (47.7)	1630 (37.9)	< 0.001
Private care center, n (%)	154 (15.4)	319 (8.6)	< 0.001	154 (15.4)	319 (8.6)	< 0.001
Lower income, n (%)	237 (29.8)	981 (33.5)	0.052	54 (23.9)	1157 (33.2)	0.004
Current smoking, n (%)	108 (10.8)	491 (13.3)	0.039	26 (7.9)	570 (13.1)	0.006
Regular exercise, n (%)	226 (22.9)	688 (18.8)	0.003	87 (26.7)	824 (19.2)	0.001
Obesity, n (%)	548 (55.2)	2180 (59.4)	0.016	173 (52.9)	2538 (58.9)	0.034
Hypertension, n (%)	768 (77.0)	2433 (65.9)	< 0.001	258 (78.7)	2924 (67.4)	< 0.001
Dyslipidemia, n (%)	939 (95.0)	3457 (95.1)	0.989	310 (94.8)	4061 (95.1)	0.835
Statin treatment, n (%)	531 (52.9)	1333 (35.9)	< 0.001	196 (59.4)	1659 (38.0)	< 0.001
Achieving targets, n (%)
HbA1c on target (< 7%) (53 mmol/mol)	434 (44.2)	1417 (39.1)	0.004	165 (50.8)	1677 (39.4)	< 0.001
BP on target (< 130/80 mg/dL)	700 (70.4)	2563 (69.6)	0.636	249 (75.9)	2999 (69.4)	0.013
LDL-C on target (< 100 mg/dL)	422 (43.6)	1245 (35.5)	< 0.001	141 (43.9)	1517 (36.7)	0.010

T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; vac: Vaccination; Pneumo.: Pneumococcal, BMI: Body mass index; SBP and DPB: Systolic and diastolic blood pressures; HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; LDL-C and HDL-C: Low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides.