Adherence to Mediterranean diet and advanced glycation endproducts in patients with diabetes

Table 1 Baseline parameters analysis according to cardiovascular risk groups derived from advanced glycation endproducts result

Parameter	None/limited CV risk (n = 99)	Increased/definite CV risk (n = 174)	Total (n = 273)	P value1
Male gender, n (%)	41 (41.4)	96 (55.2)	137 (50.2)	0.029
Age (yr)	67.6 ± 12.4	69.1 ± 11.8	68.5 ± 12.1	0.313
Disease duration (yr)	9.0 (3.0-18.0)	14.0 (6.0-21.0)	12.0 (5.0-20.0)	0.005
BMI (kg/m2)	29.2 ± 4.96	29.1 ± 4.85	29.2 ± 4.88	0.900
Neck circumference (cm)	38.7 ± 4.01	39.1 ± 4.17	38.9 ± 4.11	0.409
Waist circumference (cm)	98.1 ± 12.7	97.8 ± 12.7	97.9 ± 12.6	0.870
Hip circumference (cm)	106.3 ± 9.5	105.5 ±10.5	105.8 ± 10.1	0.531
WHR	0.92 ± 0.07	0.93 ± 0.08	0.92 ± 0.08	0.575
Smokers, n (%)	12 (12.1)	41 (23.6)	53 (19.4)	0.022
Physical activity, n (%)
Not physically active	15 (15.2)	56 (32.2)	71 (26.0)	0.008
1-4 ×/mo	24 (24.2)	36 (20.7)	60 (22.0)
> 4 ×/mo	60 (60.6)	82 (47.1)	142 (52.0)
Therapy, n (%)
OHA	56 (56.6)	90 (51.7)	146 (53.5)	0.619
Insulin	14 (14.1)	26 (14.9)	40 (14.7)
OHA + insulin	23 (23.2)	49 (28.2)	72 (26.4)
GLP-1 based therapy	2 (2.0)	6 (3.4)	8 (2.9)
No medications	4 (4.0)	3 (1.7)	7 (2.6)
HbA1c (%)	7.2 (6.5-8.5)	7.65 (6.8-8.8)	7.4 (6.7-8.8)	0.041

¹Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test/t-test for independent samples. Data are presented as whole numbers (%), median (IQR) or mean ± SD. Bolded parameters signify statistically significant difference. AGE: Advanced glycation endproducts; OHA: Oral hypoglycemic agents; GLP: Glucagon-like peptide; HbA1c: Glycated haemoglobin.