Role of hepatitis A virus in diabetes mellitus

Table 3 Comparison of clinic characteristics of subjects with and without hepatitis A virus infection, n (%)

		Non-infected			Infected			P
n		12997			6945
Gender	Female	6738 (51.84)			3518 (50.66)			NS
Age	Yr	46 ± 17			56 ± 18			< 0.0001
Body mass index	Kg/m2	29.00 ± 7.01			28.82 ± 6.24			NS
Fasting plasma glucose1	mmol/L	5.8 ± 1.8			6.4 ± 2.4			< 0.0001
2-h postchallenged plasma glucose2	mmol/L	6.4 ± 2.7			7.4 ± 3.4			< 0.0001
HbA1c3	%	5.6 ± 0.9			5.9 ± 1.2			< 0.0001
HbA1c3	mmol/mol	37.66 ± 10.20			41.22 ± 13.18			< 0.0001
Current smoker	Yes	3418 (26.30)			1233 (17.75)			< 0.0001
Current alcohol consumption	Yes	9089 (69.93)			3980 (57.31)			< 0.0001
Education: at least high school graduate	Yes	10668 (82.08)			3799 (54.70)			< 0.0001
Poverty index		2.87 ± 1.70			2.44 ± 1.66			< 0.0001
Family history of diabetes	Yes	5074 (39.04)			2862 (41.21)			0.003
Established diabetes	Yes	1217 (9.36)			1213 (17.47)			< 0.0001
States of glucose tolerance								< 0.0001
Normal glucose tolerance		7512 (57.80)			2799 (40.30)
Impaired glucose tolerance		3734 (28.73)			2434 (35.05)
Diabetes		1751 (13.47)			1712 (24.65)
Hepatitis A vaccination	Yes	4229 (32.54)			0 (0.00)			< 0.0001
Presence of hepatitis A antibody	Yes	2279 (17.53)			6945 (100.00)			< 0.0001
Ethnic/racial								< 0.0001
Mexican American		1184 (9.11)			2123 (30.57)
Other Hispanic		800 (6.16)			987 (14.21)
Non-Hispanic white		7346 (56.52)			1859 (26.77)
Non-Hispanic black		2807 (21.60)			1,324 (19.06)
Other		860 (6.62)			652 (9.39)

Mean ± STD.

¹For non-infected: n = 4579; For infected: n = 2526.

²For non-infected: n = 4777; For infected: n = 2438.

³For non-infected: n = 12978; For infected: n = 6932.