Case Control Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Diabetes. Oct 15, 2021; 12(10): 1765-1777
Published online Oct 15, 2021. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i10.1765
Table 1 Study and control group characteristics

DKD (n = 117)
NDKD (n = 110)
P value
Age (yr)68.94 (7.90)69.87 (10.86)0.46
Male sex (%)57 (48.72)66 (60.00)0.088
Time-to-dialysis (yr)5.25 (5.16)6.23 (6.09)0.20
Rapid progression of CKD (TTD ≤ 3 mo) (%)6 (5.13)6 (5.45)0.91
Fast progression of CKD (TTD ≤ 1 yr) (%)29 (24.79)21 (19.09)0.30
Slow progression of CKD (TTD > 5 yr) (%)37 (31.62)43 (39.09)0.24
BMI (kg/m2)30.21 (16.35)26.01 (5.15)0.01
Smoking ever (%)52 (44.44)58 (53.21)10.19
Preserved diuresis (%)97 (82.91)85 (77.27)0.29
24 h diuresis > 500 mL (%)49 (41.88)46(41.82)0.99
Hypertension (%)114 (97.44)102 (92.73)0.099
ACE-I (%)50 (43.48)239 (39.39)40.54
ARB (%)17 (14.78)212 (11.76)50.51
Beta-blockers (%)89 (76.72)391 (89.22)50.015
Statins (%)76 (66.09)257 (58.16)60.23