Medication adherence and quality of life among type-2 diabetes mellitus patients in India

Table 1 Quality of life scores, sociodemographic characteristics, and medication adherence of the study participants

Demographic variables	n (%)	QoL domains, mean ± SD				Overall perception on QoL	Overall perception of Health
		Physical domain	Psychological domain	Social domain	Environmental domain
Age, yr
21-46	77 (27.8)	59.67 ± 15.88	53.12 ± 17.76	69.97 ± 12.07	55.14 ± 11.68	67.79 ± 15.61	64.45 ± 16.74
47-71	193 (69.7)	56.29 ± 15.03	52.64 ± 14.35	69.98 ± 14.66	57.99 ± 11.95	68.50 ± 14.23	63.73 ± 16.28
< 71	07 (2.50)	41.86 ± 10.73	44.71 ± 18.98	62.57 ± 21.75	56.28 ± 13.35	62.86 ± 17.99	54.29 ± 19.02
Gender
Male	158 (57)	57.30 ± 14.93	53.59 ± 14.48	70.33 ± 14.72	58.02 ± 11.32	69.24 ± 13.66	66.33 ± 15.82
Female	119 (43)	56.29 ± 16.05	51.23 ± 16.68	69.07 ± 13.47	56.01 ± 12.65	66.72 ± 15.89	60.84 ± 16.95
Marital status
Married	254 (91.7)	57.09 ± 15.63	52.82 ± 15.39	70.36 ± 12.75	57.13 ± 11.95	68.35 ± 14.86	64.33 ± 16.64
Single	23 (8.30)	54.48 ± 12.61	49.83 ± 16.48	63.52 ± 24.72	57.48 ± 11.95	66.09 ± 12.70	60.00 ± 14.77
Educational qualification
Illiterate	51 (18.4)	54.18 ± 17.35	49.18 ± 16.08	67.72 ± 11.86	53.65 ± 11.05	64.31 ± 15.13	59.22 ± 16.95
Primary school	91 (32.9)	55.91 ± 16.04	51.32 ± 15.83	67.91 ± 14.39	54.15 ± 12.10	67.03 ± 15.88	62.86 ± 18.27
Secondary school	71 (25.6)	58.17 ± 15.86	54.83 ± 14.78	72.19 ± 14.39	58.98 ± 10.34	69.30 ± 13.87	65.92 ± 14.89
Graduate school and above	64 (23.1)	58.94 ± 11.82	54.56 ± 14.90	71.45 ± 16.72	62.19 ± 12.08	71.56 ± 12.75	67.19 ± 14.42
Type of family
Nuclear	96 (34.7)	60.42 ± 16.10	56.05 ± 15.51	71.03 ± 13.18	58.26 ± 11.21	68.54 ± 15.01	65.00 ± 16.42
Joint	181 (65.3)	54.99 ± 14.72	50.73 ± 15.18	69.14 ± 14.69	56.57 ± 12.29	67.96 ± 14.56	63.43 ± 16.58
Monthly income, INR
< 20000	127 (45.8)	54.20 ± 15.40	51.24 ± 15.48	67.58 ± 14.86	54.59 ± 12.14	66.61 ± 15.54	60.94 ± 16.88
20000-30000	91 (32.9)	56.37 ± 15.68	52.77 ± 15.56	69.77 ± 14.57	57.77 ± 11.44	67.69 ± 13.91	63.74 ± 15.47
> 30001	59 (21.3)	63.39 ± 13.14	55.13 ± 15.28	74.59 ± 10.69	61.71 ± 10.87	72.20 ± 13.40	70.85 ± 15.46
Residence
Urban	177 (63.9)	59.80 ± 15.25	54.29 ± 15.79	71.48 ± 12.61	57.60 ± 12.09	69.04 ± 14.29	66.10 ± 15.63
Rural	100 (36.1)	51.68 ± 14.32	49.54 ± 14.49	66.80 ± 16.26	56.36 ± 11.66	66.60 ± 15.32	60.20 ± 17.41
Adherence level
Nonadherent	155 (55.96)	52.32 ± 14.59	48.94 ± 14.56	69.73 ± 13.91	56.17 ± 12.32	64.90 ± 15.35	60.65 ± 16.50
Adherent	122 (44.04)	62.65 ± 14.48	57.19 ± 15.44	69.87 ± 14.59	58.40 ± 11.35	72.30 ± 12.71	68.20 ± 15.59

Data are n (%) or mean ± SD. INR: Indian rupee; QoL: Quality of life.