Metformin regulates inflammation and fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease through TNC/TLR4/NF-κB/miR-155-5p inflammatory loop

Figure 7 Expression of miR-155-5p induced by high glucose treatment for different durations. Rat mesangial cells (RMCs) cultured under normal-glucose (NG, 5.5 mmol/L glucose) and high-glucose (HG, 30 mmol/L glucose) conditions were treated with high glucose concentrations for 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. The expression of miR-155-5p increased beginning at 0.25 h and peaked after 4 h. ^aP < 0.05 compared with RMCs cultured with normal glucose concentrations. The expression of miR-155-5p was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results were normalized to the expression of the U6 mRNA and are presented as the mean ± SD of six independent experiments.