Range of adiposity and cardiorenal syndrome

Table 3 Major studies on the effect of bariatric surgery in heart failure outcomes

	Year, country	ParticipantsSurgical/Control	Follow-up Surgical procedures	HF type	HF and LV outcomes
Alpert et al[190]	1985, United States	62 vs none	4.3 ± 0.3 mo	NA	A decrease in LV dimensions
			Surgical gastric restriction.	(↑ LVS, ↑ LVpW)	Lower mean blood pressure
Ramani et al[131]	2008, United States	12 vs 10	1 yr	HFrEF (treated)	Lower hospital readmission
			Mostly LRYGB		LVEF improved
					NYHA improved
Miranda et al[130]	2013, United States	13 vs 6	4.3 yr	HFrEF 77%	Better Quality of life
			Mostly RYGB	HFpEF 23%	Better functional capacity
					Less leg edema
Vest et al[127]	2016, United States	38 vs 2588 non surgical obese	2.6 yr	HFrEF	Improvement in LVEF; 28% improved; LVEF > 10% vs < 1% control
			RYGB, AGB, SG
Shimada et al[126]	2016, United States	524 vs none	2 yr	NA	Lower rate of HF exacerbations (ED visits), 1 to 2 yr after surgery
					Lower rate of hospitalizations
Berger et al[191]	2018, Switzerland	676 (meta-analysis of surgery vs conventional treatment)	NA	NA	HR for the incidence of HF in MO without pre-existing HF 0.44 (0.36, 0.55) vs conventional treatment
					Reduced ED visits and readmission
					Increase left ventricular ejection
					Improve the quality of life and symptoms

AGB: Adjusted gastric banding; ED: Emergency department; HR: Hazard ratio; HF: Heart failure; L: Laparoscopic; LRYGB: Laparoscopic RYGB; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVpW: Left ventricular posterior wall; LVS: Left ventricular septum; NA: Not available; RYGB: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; SG: Sleeve gastroplasty.