Effects of ketogenic diet and ketone bodies on the cardiovascular system: Concentration matters

Figure 1 Concentration dependency of the biochemical and physiological responses to ketone bodies. Low to medium concentrations of ketone bodies, attained through fasting, ketogenic diet, or physical effort, convey physiologically beneficial effects. Conversely, pathological ketone body concentrations, observed in diabetic ketoacidosis, contribute to the disease morbidity and can be life threatening. HDACs: Histone deacetylases.