Prospective study of total and various types of vegetables and the risk of metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants by quartiles of total vegetable consumption: Tehran lipid and glucose study

	Quartiles of total vegetable consumption				P1 value
	1	2	3	4
Participants, n	106	106	106	106
Number of components of MetS at baseline, n
No component	42	45	45	49	0.91
1 component	40	41	40	47
2 components, pre-MetS	24	20	21	10
Metabolic syndrome after 3.6 yr, n	17	12	10	8
Age, yr	13.1 ± 0.3	13.3 ± 0.3	13.7 ± 0.3	13.9 ± 0.3	0.31
Female, %	53.8	65.1	54.7	56.6	0.32
Low physical activity, %	61	73	69	52	0.74
Family history of diabetes, %	4.7	8.5	3.8	3.8	0.37
BMI, kg/m2	19.6 ± 0.4	20.7 ± 0.3	20.0 ± 0.3	19.8 ± 0.3	0.18
Parental academic degrees, %	25.2	26.9	22.8	25.2	0.48
Parental occupational status, employed, %	83.6	87.4	81.7	82.2	0.39
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg
At baseline	99.1 ± 1.1	98.1 ± 1.1	96.2 ± 1.1	95.0 ± 1.1	0.04
After 3.6 yr	101 ± 1.2	100.2 ± 2	101.2 ± 1.2	98.8 ± 1.2	0.44
Diastolic Blood pressure, mmHg
At baseline	65.1 ± 0.9	65.0 ± 0.9	63.9 ± 0.9	64.3 ± 0.9	0.76
After 3.6 yr	66.5 ± 0.9	68.4 ± 0.9	68.2 ± 0.9	69.0 ± 0.9	0.27
Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL
At baseline	86.6 ± 0.6	84.3 ± 0.6	85.1 ± 0.6	84.2 ± 0.6	0.036
After 3.6 yr	91.8 ± 0.7	89.8 ± 0.7	89.3 ± 0.7	88.9 ± 0.7	0.037
Serum triglycerides, mg/dL
At baseline	78.0 (60.0 – 95.0)	83.0 (63.0 – 100.0)	83.0 (64.0 - 103.0)	78.5 (64.0 - 105.0)	0.64
After 3.6 yr	79.0 (60.7 – 109.0)	73.0 (60.0 – 101.0)	74.0 (60.0 – 96.0)	77.0 (62.5 - 98.5)	0.58
Serum HDL-C, mg/dL
At baseline	45.2± 1.1	44.8 ± 1.1	44.8 ± 1.1	48.5 ± 1.1	0.030
After 3.6 yr	50.5 ± 1.2	50.0 ± 1.2	51.3 ± 1.2	55.1 ± 1.2	0.014
Waist circumference, cm
At baseline	67.3 ± 1.0	68.2 ± 1.0	69.5 ± 1.0	70.3 ± 1.0	0.16
After 3.6 yr	76.1 ± 1.0	77.0 ± 1.0	77.9 ± 1.0	77.6 ± 1.0	0.62

¹mean ± SE for all these values, except for variables was determined. Serum triglycerides reported as median (interquartile range). P values determined using ANOVA for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables. BMI: Body mass index; MetS: Metabolic syndrome; HDL-C: High density lipoprotein cholesterol.