Risk factors and urinary biomarkers of non-albuminuric and albuminuric chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes

Figure 3 Urinary excretion of WAP-four-disulfide core domain protein 2 in individuals with type 2 diabetes and different patterns of chronic kidney disease. A: Males; B: Females. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 vs non-diabetic control, ^cP < 0.05, ^dP < 0.01 vs СKD– group (the test of multiple comparisons of mean ranks). CKD–: The group of individuals with estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 mL/min × 1.73 m² and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio < 3.0 mg/mmol; NA-CKD: Non-albuminuric chronic kidney disease, the group of individuals with estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min × 1.73 m² and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio < 3.0 mg/mmol; A-CKD–: Group of patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 mL/min × 1.73 m² and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥ 3.0 mg/mmol; A-CKD+: Group of individuals with estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min × 1.73 m² and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥ 3.0 mg/mmol.