Role of bile acid sequestrants in the treatment of type 2 diabetes

Table 1 Studies showing glucose-lowing effect of bile acid sequestrants

	n	Duration (wk)	Therapy	Baseline (g/d)	HbA1c (%)	ΔHbA1c	ΔLDL-C	Others
Garg and Grundy	21	6	cholestyramine	16.00	no description	-0.50%a	-28.00%
Zeive et al	65	12	colesevelam	3.75	7.90%	-0.50%	-11.70%
Fonseca et al	461	26	colesevelam	3.75	8.20%	-0.54%	-16.70%	ΔCRP-11.2%
Bay et al	316	26	colesevelam	3.75	8.20%	-0.54%	-15.90%	ΔCRP-14.4%c
Goldberg et al	287	16	colesevelam	3.00	8.30%	-0.50%	-12.80%	ΔCRP-12.2%
Yamakawa et al	70	12	colestimide	3.00	7.70%	-0.90%b	-23.00%
Takebayashi et al	40	12	colestimide	3.00	7.90%	-0.50%	-14.00%	Δ8-isoPGFα-32%c
Kondo and Kadowaki	183	12	colestimide	4.50	8.00%	-0.90%	-22.50%

ΔHbA_1c (change of hemoglobin A_1c) is shown as the difference between BAS and placebo except for b.

^aGlycated hemoglobin;

^bChange from baseline. ΔLDL-C: change of low density-lipoprotein cholesterol; ΔCRP: change of C reactive protein by treatment (^cstatistical significance); Δ8-isoPGFα: change of urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (a marker of systemic oxidative stress) by treatment (^cstatistical significance).