Impact of laparoscopic liver resection on bleeding complications in patients receiving antithrombotics

Table 3 Univariate analysis of increased surgical blood loss (≥ 500 mL) in the whole cohort (n = 258) and in the antithrombotic therapy group (n = 100, %)

Variables	Increased surgical blood loss (≥ 500 mL)
	The whole cohort (n = 258)		ATT group (n = 100)
	Present/total	P value	Present/total	P value
Total	66/258 (25.6)		23/100 (23.0)
Age		0.664		0.811
≥ 75 yr	25/105 (23.8)		14/57 (24.6)
< 75 yr	41/153 (26.8)		9/43 (20.9)
Gender		0.009		0.389
Female	12/80 (15.0)		3/22 (13.6)
Male	54/178 (30.3)		20/78 (25.6)
BMI		0.734		0.332
< 30 kg/m2	64/247 (25.9)		23/94 (24.5)
≥ 30 kg/m2	2/11 (18.2)		0/6 (0.0)
Performance status		1		0.192
0, 1	62/242 (25.6)		23/92 (25.0)
2-4	4/16 (25.0)		0/8 (0.0)
ASA class		0.148		0.789
I, II	34/153 (22.2)		5/25 (20.0)
III, IV	32/105 (30.5)		18/75 (24.0)
Diabetes mellitus		0.733		1
Yes	16/58 (27.6)		6/27 (22.2)
No	50/200 (25.0)		17/73 (23.3)
Hx of PCI		0.589		0.234
Yes	14/49 (28.6)		14/48 (29.2)
No	52/209 (24.9)		9/52 (17.3)
ATT used		0.468		-
Yes	23/100 (23.0)		-
No	43/158 (27.2)		-
Multiple APT used		0.117		0.035
Yes	11/29 (37.9)		11/29 (37.9)
No	55/229 (24.0)		12/71 (16.9)
Preop. aspirin continuation		0.215		0.046
Yes	12/35 (34.3)		12/34 (35.3)
No	54/223 (24.2)		11/66 (16.7)
Liver diseases		0.008		0.138
HCC	34/97 (35.1)		12/37 (32.4)
Non HCC	32/161 (19.9)		11/63 (17.5)
Laparoscopic liver resection		< 0.001		0.013
Yes	4/77 (5.2)		3/35 (8.6)
No	62/181 (34.3)		20/65 (30.8)
Anatomical liver resection		< 0.001		< 0.001
Yes	46/95 (48.4)		19/38 (50.0)
No	20/163 (12.3)		4/62 (6.5)

ATT: Antithrombotic therapy; BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention; APT: Antiplatelet therapy; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; Preop.: Preoperative.