Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: Risk factors and predictors of severity

Table 2 Predictors of severity of pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography n (%)

	Mild to moderate pancreatitis (80)	Severe pancreatitis (22)	P-value
Patient related factors
Median age (yr)	52	30	0.0001
Age
< 35	26 (32.5)	14 (63.6)	0.0001
> 35	54 (67.5)	8 (36.4)
Sex
Male	38 (47.5)	6 (27.3)	0.08
Female	42 (52.5)	16 (72.7)
Median serum bilirubin (mg%)	14.1	9.9	0.3
< 2	8 (50)	8 (50)
> 2	72 (85.7)	14 (14.3)	0.07
Median CBD diameter (mm)	10	9	0.0001
< 10	42 (52.5)	16 (72.7%)
> 10	38 (47.5)	6 (27.3%)	0.0001
Indication for ERCP
Malignant	39 (97.5)	1 (2.5)	0.009
Benign	41 (66.1)	21 (33.9)
Type of papilla
Normal	39	17	0.06
Atrophic	6	2
Pregnant	0	2
Tumour	4	0
Redundant	9	3
Juxtadivericular	15	1
Small	2	0
Long	2	0
Procedure related factors
No. of cannulation attempts
< 5	46 (57.5)	12 (54.5)	0.03
≥ 6	34 (27.5)	10 (45.5)
Median number of pancreatic cannulations	2	4	0.0001
< 3 times	58 (72.5)	2 (9.1)	0.0001
> 3 times	22 (52.4)	20 (90.9)
Method of cannulation
Conventional	58 (72.5)	18 (81.8)	0.07
Precut	22 (52.4)	4 (18.2)
Biliary sphincter balloon dilatation
No	70 (87.5)	16 (72.7)	0.1
Yes	10 (12.5)	6 (27.3)

CBD: Common bile duct; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.