Gastrointestinal bleeding from Dieulafoy’s lesion: Clinical presentation, endoscopic findings, and endoscopic therapy

Table 7 Effectiveness of various combination endoscopic therapies for bleeding Dieulafoy’s lesions

Endoscopic therapies (No. of patients)	Endoscopy: lesion location	Type of study	Mean length of follow-up	Study outcome	Ref.
Epinephrine and polidocanol (27)	EGD: stomach/duodenum	Retrospective	28 mo	5 (18%) rebled	[71]
Epi and heater probe (28)	EGD: stomach/duodenum	Retrospective	14 mo (2/3 of patients)	2 (7%) rebled	[35]
Epi and heater probe (10)	EGD: stomach/duodenum	Retrospective	18 mo	No rebleeding	[88]
Epi and heater probe (9)	“Mostly” EGD; Mostly stomach/duodenum	Retrospective	Hospitalization	1 (11%) rebled	[36]
Epi and heater probe (8)	EGD: stomach/duodenum	Retrospective	32 mo	No rebleeding	[72]
Epi and heater probe (6)	EGD	Retrospective	2 mo	No rebleeding	[40]
Epi and heater probe (2)	Colonoscopy	Retrospective	1 and 7 mo	No rebleeding	[59]
Epi and hemoclip and ethanol injection (21)	EGD: stomach/duodenum	Retrospective	47 mo	1 (4%) rebled	[79]
Epi and hemoclip (19)	EGD: Stomach	Retrospective	47 mo	1 (5%) rebled	[79]
Epi and hemoclip (16)	“Mostly” EGD: mostly stomach/ duodenum	Retrospective	During hospitalization	1 (6%) rebled	[36]
Epi and hemoclip (3)	EGD: Stomach	Retrospective	2 mo	No rebleeding	[40]
Epi and multipolar electrocoagulation (5)	“Mostly” EGD: Mostly stomach/duodenum	Retrospective	During hospitalization	1 (20%) rebled	[36]
Epi and banding (1)	EGD: stomach	Retrospective	During hospitalization	No rebleeding	[36]
Epi and ethanol (52)	EGD: Stomach/ duodenum	Retrospective	69 mo	Approximately 9% hemostasis failure, 10 (20%) rebled	[89]
Epi and ethanol (11)	EGD: stomach duodenum	Retrospective	47 mo	1 rebled	[79]
Epi and ethanolamine (5)	EGD: stomach/duodenum	Retrospective	32 mo	2 (40%) rebled	[72]
Injection therapy and clip (2)	Double balloon enteroscopy: jejunum	Retrospective, multicenter	14 mo	No rebleeding	[17]
Injection therapy and APC (1)	Double balloon enteroscopy: jejunum	Retrospective, multicenter	14 mo	Rebled after 9 d	[17]
Injection and heater probe and clips (1)	Colonoscopy: colon	Case report	NA	No rebleeding	[90]

Epi: Epinephrine; APC: Argon plasma coagulation; NA: Not available.