Clinical outcomes of self-expandable stent placement for benign esophageal diseases: A pooled analysis of the literature

Table 5 Pooled analysis of 643 patients with benign esophageal leaks, perforations and fistulae treated with self-expandable stent placement

Etiology
Postsurgical leaks	415 (64.5)
Iatrogenic perforations	126 (19.6)
Boerhaave’s syndrome	50 (7.8)
Fistulae	24 (3.7)
Others/not specified	28 (4.4)
Stent type of 852 stents used in 573 patients1
FC SEMS	349 (41.0)
PC SEMS	321 (37.7)
SEPS	60 (7.0)
Stent type unknown	122 (14.3)
Technical success
Overall	851 (99.9)
FC SEMS	349 (100)
PC SEMS	320 (99.7)
SEPS	60 (100)
Stent type unknown	122 (100)
No. of stents per patient
Single stent placement	357 (55.5)
Multiple stents inserted	131 (20.4)
Unknown	155 (24.1)
Clinical success
Overall (n = 625)	480 (76.8)
According to etiology (n = 358)
Postsurgical leaks (n = 247)	201 (81.4)
Perforations2 (n = 86)	74 (86.0)
Fistulae (n = 17)	11 (64.7)
Others/not specified (n = 8)	6 (75.0)

¹In two studies including 70 patients the total number of stents used was not reported;

²Including iatrogenic and spontaneous perforations. FC SEMS: Fully covered self-expandable metal stent; PC SEMS: Partially covered self-expandable metal stent; SEPS: Self-expandable plastic stent.