Advanced endoscopic imaging of indeterminate biliary strictures

doi:10.4253/wjge.v7.i18.1268

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Dec 10, 2015 (publication date) through May 4, 2024

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

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1948-5190

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Endosc. Dec 10, 2015; 7(18): 1268-1278
Published online Dec 10, 2015. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v7.i18.1268

Table 1 Potential etiologies of indeterminate biliary stricture

Benign

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

IgG4-associated cholangiopathy

Postoperative stricture (anastomotic, ischemic, cholecystectomy-related)

Ischemia (e.g., hepatic artery thrombosis)

Infections (HIV cholangiopathy, parasites)

Pancreatitis (acute, chronic, autoimmune)

Choledocholithiasis

Mirizzi syndrome

Eosinophilic cholangitis

Vasculitis

Radiation

Portal biliopathy

Malignant

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Lymphoma

Metastatic adenocarcinoma (e.g., compressive lymphadenopathy)

HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus.

Citation: Tabibian JH, Visrodia KH, Levy MJ, Gostout CJ. Advanced endoscopic imaging of indeterminate biliary strictures. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 7(18): 1268-1278
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5190/full/v7/i18/1268.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v7.i18.1268