Evaluation of surgical training in the era of simulation

Table 5 Characteristics of studies integrating skills assessment tools in a simulation-based curricula and selection process (n =12)

Ref.	Year	No. of participants	Tasks	Assessment tool
Open skills
Chipman et al[11]	2009	24 trainees	Excision of skin lesion and wound closure	OSATS
Olson et al[13]	2012	11 interns	Open laparotomy, bowel anastomosis	OSATS and survey
Laparoscopic skills
Buzink et al[18]	2012	25 trainees	Diagnostic laparoscopy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy and laparoscopic appendicectomy	LapMentor
		6 experts
Palter et al[39]	2013	20 trainees	Clipping, and lifting and grasping, Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (actual OR)	Video-based procedure-specific evaluation tool, modified OSATS global rating scale and LapSim tasks
Panait et al[40]	2011	42 applicants	Navigation, coordination, grasping, cutting and clipping	LapSim
Rinewalt et al[41]	2012	20 residents	FLS tasks	GOALS
van Rijssen et al[49]	2012	162 trainees	Intracorporeal knot tying	OSATS and Motion Analysis Parameter(MAP)
Varas et al[50]	2012	25 residents	Laparoscopic jejunojejunostomy	OSATS, ICSAD, FPA
Open and laparoscopic skills
Fernandez et al[52]	2012	30 PGY 1	Knot-tying, suturing, laparoscopic skills	OSATS, computer metric-based performance assessments
Mittal et al[53]	2012	60 residents	Basic skills(knot tying,wound closure, enterotomy, vascular anastomosis), FLS tasks1	OSATS and FLS score
Parent et al[54]	2010	28 interns	Wound closure, FLS tasks1	essential item checklist, economy of time, global competence, FLS score
Endoscopic skills
Van Sickle et al[60]	2011	41 trainees	Colonoscopy	GI Mentor II and GAGES

¹FLS tasks are peg transfer, pattern cut, endoloop placement, suture with an extracorporeal knot and suture with an intracorporeal knot. OSATS: Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills; FLS: Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery; GOALS: Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills; ICSAD: Imperial College Surgical Assessment Device; FPA: Final Product Analysis.