Updates on gastric electrical stimulation to treat obesity: Systematic review and future perspectives

Table 3 Implantable gastric stimulator Transcend^®: Studies summary

Ref.	Type of research	Sample size, (enrolled/completed)	Mean age (yr)	Mean weight, (kg)/mean BMI (kg/m2)	Follow-up (mo)	Lifestyle change (required/advice given)	Baroscreen®
Korner et al[28], 2011	Randomized + D, PC (SHAPE)	13/13	48.8	113.1/40.6	24	Y/Y	Y
Shikora et al[21], 2009	Randomized + P, D, M, PC (SHAPE)	190/180	43.9	NR/41	12	Y/Y	Y
Hoeller et al[73], 2006	Non-randomized	8/7	48.1	112.5/41.3	23	NR/NR	N
Champion et al[29], 2006	Non-randomized + O	24/21	43	92/33	6	Y/Y	Y
Miller et al[30], 2006	Non-randomized + P, M (LOSS trial)	91/25	41	116/41	24	N/Y	Y
Shikora et al[20], 2005	randomized + D, PC	103/34	40	129/46	29	NR/NR	N
	(O-01 trial)
Shikora et al[20], 2005	Non- randomized + O, M (DIGEST)	30/23	39	NR/42	24	Y/Y	N1
Cigaina et al[32], 2004	Non- randomized	65/NR	39.4 ± 3.4	132.7 ± 27.3/46.9 ± 7.07	962	Y/Y	NR1
Favretti et al[74], 2004	Non- randomized	20/20	40	115/40.9	10	N/Y	NR
De Luca et al[36], 2004	Non- randomized + P (LOSS trial)	69/20	41	115/41	15	NR/NR	NR
Cigaina et al[75], 2003	Non- randomized	11/11	39.4 ± 3.4	121.7 ± 5.1/46.0 ± 2.5	8	N/Y	NR
McCallum et al[35], 2002	randomized + D	103/NR	40	NR/46	12	NR/NR	NR
D'Argent et al[76], 2002	Non- randomized + P, O	12/NR	40.6	122.2/42.7	9	NR/NR	NR

¹No Baroscreen^® conducted but binge eating assessment questionnaire and a psychological evaluation were carried out;

²This study had four different cohorts over the 8-yr period, from 1996 to 2004.