Incarceration of a colonoscope in an inguinal hernia: Case report and literature review

Table 1 Published case reports of incarcerated colonoscopes in inguinal hernia and strategy utilized to remove the scope

Ref.	No. of cases	Inguinal hernia (side)	Method of scope removal	Distance from anus at obstruction	Obstruction on insertion vs withdrawal
Waye[5]	1	Unknown	NA	NA	NA
Leichtmann et al[6]	3	× 2 Unknown	× 2 Manual reduction	NA	NA
		× 1 Known	× 1 Hernial reduction before and maintenance during procedure
Fulp et al[7]	1	Known,	Withdrawl of endoscope	Sigmoid colon	Insertion
		Left
Leisser et al[8]	1	Unknown, Left	Manual reduction	60 cm	Insertion
Koltun et al[1]	2	Known,	Failed fluoroscopic reduction	NA	Withdrawal
		Right	Manual reduction utilizing “Pulley” technique
Yamamoto et al[4]	1	Unknown,	Failed manual reduction, Reduction under fluoroscopic guidance	70cm	Insertion
		Left
Saunder[9]	1	Unknown	NA	NA	NA
Punnam et al[10]	1	Known	Failed manual reduction	NA	Withdrawal
		Left	Surgical Dissection of Hernial Sac
Lee et al[2]	1	Unknown, Left	Manual reduction	NA	Insertion
Iser et al[11]	1	Unknown,	Manual reduction under deep sedation	NA	NA
		Left
Fan et al[3]	1	Unknown,	Reduction under fluoroscopy and external manual pressure	60 cm	Withdrawal
		Left
Kume et al[12]	1	Unknown,	Reduction under fluoroscopy	60 cm	Withdrawal
		Left

NA: Not available.