Endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease when and why

Table 1 Infective causes of inflammation which mimic inflammatory bowel disease

Infective cause	Endoscopic appearance
Salmonella	Friable mucosa with haemorrhages in ileum and colon
Shigella	Patchy intense erythema in ileum and colon
Campylobacter	Erythema and ulcers in colon
E.coli 0157:H7	Mild to moderately severe colitis
Yersinia	Patchy colitis with ileal aphthoid ulcers
C.difficile	Pseudo membranes and predominantly left side colitis
Klebsiella	Haemorrhagic colitis
Mycobacterium	Transverse or circumferential ulcers ileum
Neisseria	Proctitis with ulcers and peri anal disease
Chlamydia	Peri anal abscess, ulcer and fistula
Treponema	Proctitis with ulcers and peri anal disease
Schistosoma	Extensive colitis, may be segmental with polyps
Entamoeba	Acute colitis and ulcers
Herpes	Proctitis with rectal ulcers and perianal disease
Cytomegalovirus	Colitis with punched out shallow ulcers
Aspergillus	Ulcers with bleeding
Histoplasma	Predominantly right side colitis