Colorectal cancer surveillance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: What is new?

Table 1 Confirmed risk factors and proposed protective factors for developing colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease patients

Confirmed risk factors	Protective factors under investigation
Extent of colitis[27]	5-ASA treatment[75-77]
UC pancolitis
UC left-sided colitis
CD colitis (> 50%)
Disease duration[19]	UDCA treatment[78-80]
Association with PSC[39-41]	Folate supplementation[82-84]
Family history of CRC[37,38]	Colectomy[81]
Active inflammation[34]	Maintaining of remission
Pseudopolyps	Mucosal healing
Strictures	Histological healing
Degree of histological inflammation

5-ASA: 5-aminosalicylate; UDCA: Ursodeoxycholic acid; UC: Ulcerative colitis; CD: Crohn’s disease; PSC: Primary sclerosing cholangitis; CRC: Colorectal cancer.