Management of early gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms

doi:10.4253/wjge.v3.i7.133

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

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1948-5190

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Endosc. Jul 16, 2011; 3(7): 133-139
Published online Jul 16, 2011. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v3.i7.133

Table 5 Therapy of gastric NENs

	No risk factors (for metastatic disease)		risk factors^a
Size	≤ 1 cm	1-2 cm
Type 1	Surveillance^b optionally EMR	EMR followed by surveillance	Surgery^c
Type 2	Surveillance^b	EMR followed by surveillance	Surgery^c
Type 3	EMR	Surgery^c	Surgery^c
Type 4	-	-	Surgery^d

^arisk factors for metastatic disease are angioinvasion or G2-G3 histological grading or infiltration of the muscularis propria or tumor size > 2cm;

^bsomatostatin analogs are being tested in ongoing clinical trials, they should not be used except in clinical trials;

^cfollowed by endoscopic surveillance of the gastric remnant. Adjuvant (medical) therapy is not established in NET/carcinoid disease;

^dsurgery in localized type 4 gastric/d NEC disease (or systemic cytoreductive chemotherapy in advanced type 4 gastric NEC disease). Type 4 gastric NECs are never benign, they are neuroendocrine carcinomas. EMR: Endoscopic mucosal resection; NENs: Neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Citation: Scherübl H, Jensen RT, Cadiot G, Stölzel U, Klöppel G. Management of early gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 3(7): 133-139
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5190/full/v3/i7/133.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v3.i7.133