Endoscopic tattooing of colorectal lesions: Is it a risk-free procedure?

Table 2 Summary of complications of endoscopic tattooing for colorectal lesion localization from previously published reports

Authors	Location	Interval time	Material	Amount	Instrument	Complications
Yano et al[41]	NA	NA	India ink	0.7 mL undiluted	NA	Post-op adhesion
Bahadursingh et al[43]	Sigmoid	NA	India ink	NA	NA	Transmural injection to small bowel
Singh et al[35]	Rectosigmoid	NA	India ink	NA	NA	Transmural injection, focal peritonitis
Park et al[36]	Descending	18 h	India ink	0.5 mL diluted 1:10	Sclerotherapy needle	Colonic abscess with focal peritonitis
Gopal et al[40]	70, 85 cm from Anal verge	No surgery	India ink	4 mL undiluted	NA	Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease
Tutticci et al[42]	Rectum	75 d	Spot	2 mL (0.5 mL each)	25G endoscopic needle	Pigmentation peritoneal adenocarcinoma (tumor inoculation)
Marques et al[37]	Sigmoid	3 d	Spot	4 mL (0.5 mL each)	NA	Infected intramural hematoma
Alba et al[38]	Sigmoid	10 d	India ink	1 mL diluted 1:10	Sclerotherapy needle	Rectus muscle hematoma and abscess
Coman et al[39]	Sigmoid	5 d	India ink	2 mL (0.5 mL each) diluted 1:1	NA	Inflammatory pseudotumor
	Sigmoid	14 d	India ink	2 mL (0.5 mL each) diluted 1:1	NA	Inflammatory pseudotumor
Cappell et al[44]	Cecum	7 d	India ink	4 mL total	Sclerotherapy needle	Transmural injection
						Spillage of dye into peritoneal cavity
	Cecum	13 d	India ink	4 mL total	Sclerotherapy needle	Transmural injection
						Spillage of dye into peritoneal cavity

NA: Not available.