Pediatric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: A systematic review of indications, technical success, adverse events, and complication prevention

Table 2 Study-level classification of indications and interventions, n (%)

Category	Studies
Pancreatitis or pancreatic-duct disease	82 (64.1)
Choledocholithiasis or common bile duct stones	81 (63.3)
Congenital biliary dilatation, choledochal cyst, or pancreaticobiliary maljunction	26 (20.3)
Biliary stricture or post-transplant biliary disease	26 (20.3)
Sphincterotomy or papillotomy	72 (56.3)
Stent placement or removal	69 (53.9)
Stone extraction, lithotripsy, or duct clearance	52 (40.6)
Balloon dilation or sweeping	33 (25.8)
Biliary or nasobiliary drainage	23 (18.0)

Categories are not mutually exclusive; percentages use the 128 included studies as the denominator.