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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Aug 16, 2026; 18(8): 118718
Published online Aug 16, 2026. doi: 10.4253/wjge.118718
Figure 3
Figure 3 Molecular-level steps by which gluten is recognized as antigenic in celiac disease. Gluten from wheat, rye, or barley is broken down into gluten peptides. Tissue transglutaminase deaminates them, triggering a cascade that leads to intestinal villous atrophy. HLA: Human leukocyte antigens; APC: Antigen-presenting cell; IFN-γ: Interferon-γ; IL: Interleukin.


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