Endoscopic biliary drainage techniques for bilirubin normalization in distal malignant biliary obstruction: A comprehensive review

doi:10.4253/wjge.v18.i6.121737

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

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1948-5190

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastrointest Endosc. Jun 16, 2026; 18(6): 121737
Published online Jun 16, 2026. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v18.i6.121737

Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies

Ref.	Study design	Country	Study type	Enrollment period
Kahaleh et al[23]	Retrospective	United States	Monocentric	2001-2003
Weston et al[24]	Retrospective	United States	Monocentric	2002-2005
Weston et al[25]	Retrospective	United States	Monocentric	2006-2007
Cabral et al[26]	Retrospective	Brazil	Monocentric	2015
Pausawasdi et al[27]	Retrospective	Thailand	Monocentric	2007-2017
Mikalsen et al[28]	Retrospective	Norway	Monocentric	2015-2021
Naidu et al[29]	Prospective	India	Monocentric	2023-2024
Martínez-Moreno et al[30]	Retrospective	Spain	Multicentric	2016-2024
Chieng et al[31]	Retrospective	New Zealand	Multicentric	2017-2023

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Citation: Martino A, Granata A, Zito FP, Lombardi M, Fiorentino R, Carrubba C, Orsini L, Niola R, Riccardi F, Galloro G, Molino C, Lombardi G. Endoscopic biliary drainage techniques for bilirubin normalization in distal malignant biliary obstruction: A comprehensive review. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2026; 18(6): 121737
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5190/full/v18/i6/121737.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v18.i6.121737

Martino A, Granata A, Zito FP, Lombardi M, Fiorentino R, Carrubba C, Orsini L, Niola R, Riccardi F, Galloro G, Molino C, Lombardi G. Endoscopic biliary drainage techniques for bilirubin normalization in distal malignant biliary obstruction: A comprehensive review. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2026; 18(6): 121737 [DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v18.i6.121737]

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