Bilateral upper limb surface electromyography analysis during single-operator colonoscopy: Implications for ergonomics and occupational health

Table 2 Mean power frequency of surface electromyography of left upper limbs during single person colonoscopy insertion

Loop types	MID DELT			LAT. TRICEPS			BICEPS BR			BRACHIORAD			FLEX.CARP.R			ABDUCT.POL			EXT.DIG
	S	I	Diff%	S	I	Diff%	S	I	Diff%	S	I	Diff%	S	I	Diff%	S	I	Diff%	S	I	Diff%
No loop	0.0	1.2	11.6	0.0	0.9	16.7	0.0	0.9	3.4	0.0	1.0	12.1	0.0	1.3	25.7	0.0	1.0	17.9	0.0	1.2	33.9
“γ” loop	0.0	1.1	15.1	0.0	1.0	19.8	0.0	0.9	27.6	0.0	0.9	65.2	0.0	0.9	10.1	0.0	1.1	15.7	0.0	1.8	8.8
“α” loop	0.0	0.9	49.0	0.0	1.1	23.5	0.0	1.1	0.2	0.0	1.2	41.8	0.0	1.5	33.0	0.0	1.1	2.7	0.0	1.6	1.9
Reverse “α” loop	0.0	1.2	46.8	0.0	0.9	14.2	0.0	1.0	24.6	0.0	1.1	33.5	0.0	1.3	35.7	0.0	1.0	18.0	0.0	1.5	22.4
“N” loop	0.0	1.0	9.0	0.0	1.0	8.9	0.0	1.0	5.6	0.0	1.2	12.7	0.0	0.9	7.3	0.0	1.2	44.5	0.0	1.4	56.2
Complex loop	0.0	1.1	0.6	0.0	1.0	13.2	0.0	1.0	4.0	0.0	1.2	16.1	0.0	1.3	36.1	0.0	1.2	34.4	0.0	1.3	16.2

S: Static condition; I: Dynamic/isometric condition; Diff%: Difference percentage; MID DELT: Middle deltoid; LAT. TRICEPS: Lateral head of the triceps; BICEPS BR: Biceps brachii; BRACHIORAD: Brachioradialis; FLEX.CARP.R: Flexor carpi radialis; ABDUCT.POL: Abductor pollicis longus; EXT.DIG: Extensor digitorum.