Bilateral upper limb surface electromyography analysis during single-operator colonoscopy: Implications for ergonomics and occupational health

doi:10.4253/wjge.v18.i3.116646

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

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1948-5190

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastrointest Endosc. Mar 16, 2026; 18(3): 116646
Published online Mar 16, 2026. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v18.i3.116646

Table 1 The root mean square values for surface electromyography of both upper limb muscles (μV)

Loop types	MID DELT		LAT. TRICEPS		BICEPS BR		BRACHIORAD		FLEX.CARP.R		ABDUCT.POL		EXT.DIG
Loop types	Left	Right	Left	Right	Left	Right	Left	Right	Left	Right	Left	Right	Left	Right
No loop	3.9	3.2	2.5	3.1	13.2	5.1	11.8	12.8	8.8	10.6	25.0	37.1	225.1	44.5
“γ” loop	11.2	21.5	5.1	6.7	39.6	22.9	20.8	24.0	22.2	21.9	40.9	60.5	228.5	74.3
“α” loop	9.9	20.2	4.8	8.0	40.4	27.5	23.6	31.1	24.8	27.0	46.4	82.2	289.1	93.8
Reverse “α” loop	11.1	21.3	4.7	8.0	46.6	23.0	23.8	29.8	24.4	26.1	46.8	70.2	316.3	69.6
“N” loop	10.8	21.0	5.2	8.3	45.2	21.0	25.0	24.9	26.2	18.9	46.3	58.0	347.2	64.8
Complex loop	12.0	26.9	5.5	8.4	48.9	21.6	25.0	29.6	22.4	25.2	47.9	71.5	370.6	76.1

MID DELT: Middle deltoid; LAT. TRICEPS: Lateral head of the triceps; BICEPS BR: Biceps brachii; BRACHIORAD: Brachioradialis; FLEX.CARP.R: Flexor carpi radialis; ABDUCT.POL: Abductor pollicis longus; EXT.DIG: Extensor digitorum.

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Citation: Wang RG, Wang YQ, Cao H. Bilateral upper limb surface electromyography analysis during single-operator colonoscopy: Implications for ergonomics and occupational health. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2026; 18(3): 116646
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5190/full/v18/i3/116646.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v18.i3.116646

Wang RG, Wang YQ, Cao H. Bilateral upper limb surface electromyography analysis during single-operator colonoscopy: Implications for ergonomics and occupational health. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2026; 18(3): 116646 [DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v18.i3.116646]

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