Altered endocannabinoid system gene expression in inflammatory bowel disease mucosa: New perspectives in inflammatory bowel disease management

Table 4 Gene expression levels in Crohn’s disease patients

Genes	2−∆Ct, CTRL (n = 17)	2−∆Ct, NIM (n = 13)	2−∆Ct, IM (n = 13)	1P value, case control (CTRL vs NIM)	1P value, case control (CTRL vs IM)	2P value, paired (IM vs NIM)
CNR1	0.014 ± 0.009	0.007 ± 0.003	0.024 ± 0.043	0.113	0.457	0.552
CNR2	0.010 ± 0.007	0.007 ± 0.006	0.030 ± 0.052	0.213	0.432	0.173
DAGLA	0.004 ± 0.003	0.004 ± 0.004	0.004 ± 0.002	0.536	0.742	0.701
DAGLB	0.006 ± 0.003	0.005 ± 0.004	0.005 ± 0.003	0.079	0.229	0.861
FAAH	0.032 ± 0.007	0.020 ± 0.017	0.012 ± 0.007	0.003	<0.001	0.279
GPR18	0.013 ± 0.006	0.009 ± 0.004	0.014 ± 0.008	0.048	0.967	0.249
GPR55	0.008 ± 0.004	0.004 ± 0.003	0.008 ± 0.006	0.008	0.869	0.064
MGLL	0.107 ± 0.039	0.222 ± 0.390	0.175 ± 0.152	0.680	0.263	0.507
PPARG	0.088 ± 0.038	0.102 ± 0.069	0.041 ± 0.030	0.805	<0.001	0.023
TRPV1	0.030 ± 0.015	0.026 ± 0.023	0.017 ± 0.011	0.320	0.007	0.279

¹Mann-Whitney U test.

²Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; CD: Crohn’s disease; CTRL: Non-inflammatory bowel disease controls; NIM: Noninflamed mucosa; IM: Inflamed mucosa; CNR2: Cannabinoid receptor 2; FAAH: Fatty acid amide hydrolase; GPR: G protein-coupled receptor 18; GPR55: G protein-coupled receptor 55; MGLL: Monoglyceride lipase; PPARG: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; TRPV1: Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1; DAGLA: Diacylglycerol lipase alpha; DAGLAB: Diacylglycerol lipase beta.