Advances in endoscopic ultrasound for autoimmune pancreatitis: Tissue acquisition, imaging innovations, artificial intelligence, and multidisciplinary integrations

doi:10.4253/wjge.127148

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

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1948-5190

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastrointest Endosc. Oct 16, 2026; 18(10): 127148
Published online Oct 16, 2026. doi: 10.4253/wjge.127148

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Figure 1 Illustrative pathway for incorporating endoscopic ultrasound into the diagnostic evaluation of autoimmune pancreatitis. The demonstrated pathway is proposed by the authors, based on the United Kingdom National multicentre multidisciplinary team meeting experience taking place in Oxford University Hospitals, along with the literature discussed in this review. It is not a formally validated clinical algorithm or a consensus guideline. EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; AIP: Autoimmune pancreatitis; MDT: Multidisciplinary team; OUH: Oxford University Hospitals; IgG4: Immunoglobulin G subclass 4; CH-EUS: Contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasound; VS: Venous phase; ICDC: International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria; ROSE: Rapid on-site evaluation; MOSE: Macroscopic on-site evaluation; VOSE: Visual on-site evaluation; FNB: Fine-needle biopsy; FNA: Fine-needle aspiration; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Citation: Braimakis I, Fateen W, Bekkali NL, Bailey A, Culver EL. Advances in endoscopic ultrasound for autoimmune pancreatitis: Tissue acquisition, imaging innovations, artificial intelligence, and multidisciplinary integrations. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2026; 18(10): 127148
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5190/full/v18/i10/127148.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4253/wjge.127148

Braimakis I, Fateen W, Bekkali NL, Bailey A, Culver EL. Advances in endoscopic ultrasound for autoimmune pancreatitis: Tissue acquisition, imaging innovations, artificial intelligence, and multidisciplinary integrations. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2026; 18(10): 127148 [DOI: 10.4253/wjge.127148]

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