One-stop colonoscopy-based management of colorectal polyps and internal hemorrhoids in older adults: A real-world cohort study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics by age group, n (%)/median (interquartile range)

Variable	≥ 65 years (n = 100)	< 65 years (n = 561)	P value	SMD
Age, years	69.0 (67.0-72.0)	48.0 (39.0-56.0)	< 0.001	-
Male sex	51 (51.0)	310 (55.3)	0.431	-0.085
BMI	23.9 (21.1-25.5)	23.9 (21.6-26.1)	0.375	-0.175
Hemorrhoid grade			0.482	-
Grade I	5 (5.0)	24 (4.3)
Grade II	74 (74.0)	445 (79.3)
Grade III	21 (21.0)	92 (16.4)
Presenting symptoms			0.109	-
Bleeding	54 (54.0)	268 (47.8)
Prolapse	11 (11.0)	34 (6.1)
Bleeding and prolapse	4 (4.0)	36 (6.4)
Other symptoms	31 (31.0)	223 (39.8)
Comorbidity status			< 0.001
Hypertension	21 (21.0)	81 (14.4)		0.172
Diabetes mellitus	10 (10.0)	19 (3.4)		0.267
Cardiovascular disease	4 (4.0)	5 (0.9)		0.202
Malignancy history	0 (0.0)	2 (0.4)		-0.085
Multiple comorbidities	23 (23.0)	28 (5.0)		0.537
Follow-up time, months	12.0 (10.0-12.0)	12.0 (9.0-12.0)	0.977	0.037

P values were calculated using the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and the Pearson χ² test, Fisher’s exact test, or the Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test for categorical variables, as appropriate. Standardized mean differences were calculated for binary variables and selected continuous variables to describe the magnitude of between-group differences. Comorbidity categories were mutually exclusive. Patients with a single comorbid condition were classified according to that condition, whereas patients with two or more comorbid conditions were classified as having multiple comorbidities. Standardized mean differences were not calculated for multicategorical variables (hemorrhoid grade and presenting symptoms). SMD: Standardized mean difference; BMI: Body mass index.