Endoscopic management of intestinal strictures in Crohn’s disease: Current status and future perspectives

Table 1 Comparative epidemiology of stricturing Crohn’s disease: Global vs Indian data[7,16,17,19-22]

Region/study	Stricturing at diagnosis	10-year cumulative stricture risk	Surgery risk (10 years)	Key notes
Western cohorts	15%-25%	30%-50%	40%-55% (pre-biologic); lower in the biologic era (~26%-40%)	Lower stricturing phenotype at disease onset
Indian cohorts	35%-49%	Often > 50%	High (often > 30%-40%); high reoperation rates	Higher stricturing phenotype at onset, intestinal tuberculosis mimicry common, delayed diagnosis, small bowel predominant