Comparative outcomes of laparoscopic vs open pancreaticoduodenectomy in early-stage pancreatic cancer

Table 2 Perioperative outcomes, mean ± SD

Indicator	LPD group (n = 50)	OPD group (n = 50)	t/χ2	P value	MD/OR (95%CI)
Operative time (minutes)	320 ± 45	285 ± 40	4.12	< 0.001	MD 35 (18.31 to 51.69)
Blood loss (mL)	180 ± 60	350 ± 90	-11.2	< 0.001	MD -170 (-199.98 to -140.02)
Transfusion (no/yes)	46/4	39/11	4.65	0.03	OR 0.31 (0.09 to 1.05)
LOS (days)	12 ± 3	15 ± 4	-3.28	0.002	MD -3 (-4.39 to -1.61)
Overall complications (no/yes)	29/21	25/25	0.68	0.41	OR 0.72 (0.33 to 1.59)
Severe complications (CD ≥ III, no/yes)	42/8	39/11	0.77	0.38	OR 0.68 (0.25 to 1.85)
Pancreatic fistula (no/yes)	44/6	42/8	0.32	0.58	OR 0.72 (0.23 to 2.24)
DGE (no/yes)	45/5	43/7	0.41	0.52	OR 0.68 (0.20 to 2.32)
90-day readmission (no/yes)	49/1	47/3	1.02	0.30	OR 0.32 (0.03 to 3.18)
90-day mortality (no/yes)	49/1	48/2	0.24	0.62	OR 0.49 (0.04 to 5.58)

LOS: Length of stay; CD: Clavien-Dindo; DGE: Delayed gastric emptying; LPD: Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy; OPD: Open pancreaticoduodenectomy; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.