Lactated Ringer’s solution in combination with indomethacin for prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: A prospective, randomized trial

Table 2 Primary and secondary study outcomes, n (%)

Outcomes	IND (n = 70)	LR (n = 70)	IND + LR (n = 70)	P value
PEP	7 (10.00)	12 (17.14)	4 (5.71)	1
Severe PEP	1 (1.4)	2 (2.8)	2 (2.8)	0.86
Pseudocyst	1 (1.4)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1.00
Pulmonary edema	1 (1.4)	1 (1.4)	0 (0)	0.92
Renal failure	1 (1.4)	1 (1.4)	0 (0)	0.93
Gastrointestinal bleeding	1 (1.4)	2 (2.8)	0 (0)	0.82
Anaphylaxis	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.98
Death	2 (2.8)	1 (1.4)	1 (1.4)	1.00
Readmission	5 (7.14)	7 (10)	2 (2.8)	1
Mean length of stay, days	3.40	4.70	3.12	0.12

¹Results in Figure 2.

IND: Indomethacin; LR: Lactated Ringer’s solution; PEP: Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis.