Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms: Correlating endoscopic findings with symptoms and pH-impedance results

Table 1 Comparison of pH impedance parameters between different patient categories, mean ± SD, 95% confidence interval

Metrics per 24 hours	ERD (n = 13)	NERD (n = 8)	RH (n = 8)	FH (n = 6)	ERD with AET > 4% (n = 5)	AET > 4% (n = 13)	P value (ERD vs NERD)1	P value (ERD with high AET vs NERD)1	P value (high AET vs RH)1	P value (high AET vs FH)1	P value (FH vs RH)1
Acid exposure time (%)	4.0 ± 4.3, 1.4-6.5	9.2 ± 5.1, 4.9-13.4	1.3 ± 1.1, 0.4-2.2	1.3 ± 0.9, 0.33-2.2	8.4 ± 3.6, 3.9-12.8	8.9 ± 4.4, 6.1-11.5	0.015	0.826	< 0.001	0.001	0.948
Total reflux events	52.6 ± 50.9, 21.8-83.3	55.7 ± 33.1, 28-83	40.2 ± 32.5, 13-67.3	23.6 ± 28.0, -5.8 to 52.9	98.1 ± 55.9, 28.7-167.5	72.0 ± 46.3, 44-100	0.469	0.143	0.148	0.016	0.121
SI for impedance refluxes (%)	24.6 ± 35.1, 3.4-45.8	14.7 ± 21.9, -3.6 to 33	29.7 ± 23.2, 10.2-49	0.2 ± 0.4, 0.2-0.5	56.5 ± 39.5, 7.5-105.5	30.8 ± 35.3, 9.4-52.1	0.481	0.038	0.510	0.079	0.002
SSI for impedance refluxes (%)	13.1 ± 21.3, 0.2-25.9	2.8 ± 5.0, -1.3 to 6.9	25.7 ± 21.8, 7.5-43.9	4.2 ± 10.2, -6.5 to 14.8	15.3 ± 13.3, -1.2 to 31.9	7.6 ± 10.7, 1.1-14.0	0.273	0.077	0.010	0.204	0.012
SAP for impedance refluxes (%)	45.1 ± 50.3, 14.6-75.4	36.3 ± 50.2, -5.6 to 78	96.4 ± 9.0, 88.8-103.9	6.5 ± 15.9, -10.1 to 23	79.8 ± 44.6, 24.4-135.2	53.1 ± 51.2, 22.1-83.9	0.433	0.036	0.111	0.078	0.001
Distal MNBI (3, 5, 7, 9)	2452.3 ± 1042.9, 1822-3082	1158.3 ± 350.5, 865-1451	2526.0 ± 727.5, 1917-3134	2561.1 ± 651.7, 1877-3245	1751.8 ± 769.1, 796.8-2706.6	1386.6 ± 599.3, 1024.4-1748.6	0.001	0.079	0.004	0.007	0.699
PSPW index (%)	86.6 ± 57.7, 51.7-121.5	61.4 ± 18.5, 45.9-76.8	83.3 ± 18.1, 68.2-98.4	68.9 ± 30.9, 36.4-101.3	61.3 ± 23.8, 31.8-90.7	61.4 ± 19.7, 49.4-73.2	0.147	1.000	0.011	0.598	0.604

¹Mann-Whitney U test.

ERD: Erosive reflux disease; NERD: Non-erosive reflux disease; RH: Reflux hypersensitivity; FH: Functional heartburn; AET: Acid exposure time; SI: Symptom index; SSI: Symptom sensitivity index; SAP: Symptom association probability; MNBI: Mean nocturnal baseline impedance; PSPW: Post-reflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave.