Efficacy and safety of pretraction-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection for treating rectal neuroendocrine tumors

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients and tumors, n (%)

	p-ESD group (n = 49)	c-ESD group (n = 54)	P value
Age (years)	48.9 ± 11.5	50.2 ± 9.9	0.1011
Sex			0.4812
Male	27 (55.1)	26 (48.1)
Female	22 (44.9)	28 (51.9)
Tumor location			0.2822
Upper rectum	10 (20.4)	16 (29.6)
Lower rectum	39 (79.6)	38 (70.4)
Tumor size, cm	0.6 (0.3-1.4)	0.5 (0.2-1.3)	0.1233
Pathological grade
G1	46 (93.9)	49 (90.7)	0.8222
G2	3 (6.1)	5 (9.3)
Vascular invasion	1 (2.0)	0 (0.0)	0.4764
Lymphatic invasion	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	-
Additional surgery	1 (2.0)	0 (0.0)	0.4764

¹Student’s t-test.

²χ² test.

³Mann-Whitney U test.

⁴Fisher’s exact test.

p-ESD: Pretraction-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection; c-ESD: Conventional pretraction-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection.