Endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastrointestinal malignancies: Current state and future perspectives

Table 5 Factors for which additional treatment after endoscopic submucosal dissection should be recommended

Esophagus	Stomach	Colon and rectum
Tumors in contact with or invading the muscularis mucosa	Positive lateral margins	Positive vertical margins at the site of submucosal invasion
Tumors invading the submucosal layer	Deep submucosal invasion, regardless of positive vertical margins (> 500 μm)	Vascular or lymphatic invasion
	Vascular or lymphatic invasion	Depth of submucosal invasion greater than 1000 μm
	Diffuse type histology	Vascular or lymphatic invasion