Effect of prehabilitation in patients undergoing gastric or oesophageal cancer resections: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Treatment protocol adopted in included studies

Ref.	Intervention	Control
Aiko et al[18], 2012	Immune enhanced diets 5 days prior to surgery. Enteral feeding and parenteral mixture (UNICALIQ l) following surgery	Standard diets before surgery. Enteral feeding and parenteral mixture (UNICALIQ l) following surgery
Allen et al[17]	Supervised and home-based exercise program. Six sessions of medical coaching	Standardoesophagogastric care pathways. Encouraged to remain active, given dietary recommendations and psychological support
Barberan-Garciaet al[19], 2018	Personalised daily activity and exercise programs. Motivational interviewing	Standard care. Encouraged to make healthy lifestyle choices
Bausys et al[20], 2023	Personalised home-based prehabilitation program consisting of exercise, nutritional, and psychological support	Did not receive advice on prehabilitation related interventions, some were recommended supplementation prior to surgery
Chen et al[21], 2024	3-week individualised prehabilitation program consisting of exercise, respiratory training, nutritional, and psychological support	Did not receive any prehabilitation advice. ERAS recommendation
Guinan et al[22], 2018	Inspiratory muscle training program	Standard pathway
He et al[23],2022	Oral nutritional supplement for seven days	Standard dietary advice
Liu et al[24],2020	Oral nutrition supplement for all patients	ERAS, oral nutrition supplement if needed
Loughney et al[25], 2024	Standardised nutritional pathway. Exercise prehabilitation	Standardised nutritional pathway
Minnella et al[7], 2018	Exercise and nutrition programs	ERAS. Standard care
Swaminathan et al[26], 2020	Preoperative volume-oriented spirometry. Oral maltodextrin drink the night before and day of surgery. Oral midazolam on day of surgery. ERAS	Standard care
Valkenet et al[27], 2018	Inspiratory muscle training	Standard care
Wang et al[28], 2015	Daily nutritional protein-based supplement 1 week prior to surgery	Standard preoperative care
Yamana et al[29], 2015	Preoperative respiratory exercise training program	No interventions
Zhao et al[30], 2018	Oral nutrition supplement 7 days before surgery	Routine preoperative diet
Zheng et al[31], 2024	Preoperative pulmonary related training program	No interventions

ERAS: Enhanced recovery after surgery.